Types are the central organizing principle of the theory of programming languages. Language features are manifestations of type structure. The syntax of a language is governed by the constructs that define its types, and its semantics is determined by the interactions among those constructs. The soundness of a language design—the absence of ill-defined programs—follows naturally.
Scientific computing is the cross-disciplinary field at the intersection of modeling scientific processes, and the use of computers to produce quantitative results from these models. It is what takes a domain science and turns it into a computational activity. As a definition, we may posit The efficient computation of constructive methods in applied mathematics.
Writing software that supports teaching, learning and collaboration is far more than just a job. Since teaching and learning are some of the most fundamental human activities, we all have a vested interest in teaching and learning software.
Privacy is a fundamental human right. It is recognized in many countries to be as central to individual human dignity and social values as Freedom of Association and Freedom of Speech. Simply put, privacy is the border where we draw a line between how far a society can intrude into our personal lives.
Machine learning is a broad and fascinating field. It has been called one of the sexiest fields to work in. It has applications in an incredibly wide variety of application areas, from medicine to advertising, from military to pedestrian. Its importance is likely to grow, as more and more areas turn to it as a way of dealing with the massive amounts of data available.
Scheme was introduced in 1975 by Gerald J. Sussman and Guy L. Steele Jr., and was the first dialect of Lisp to fully support lexical scoping, first-class procedures, and continuations. In its earliest form it was a small language intended primarily for research and teaching, supporting only a handful of predefined syntactic forms and procedures. Scheme is now a complete general-purpose programming language, though it still derives its power from a small set of key concepts. Early implementations of the language were interpreter-based and slow, but some current Scheme implementations boast sophisticated compilers that generate code on par with code generated by the best optimizing compilers for lower-level languages such as C and Fortran.
This book presents the subject of Compiler Design in a way that's understandable to a programmer, rather than a mathematician.
The aim of this book is to introduce the concepts and ideas involved in problem solving with Fortran 77 using an interactive timesharing computer system. The book tries to achieve this using the established practices of structured and modular programming. Two techniques of problem solving, so-called top-down and bottom-up are also introduced.
When I began teaching computational physics, the first decision facing me was “which language do I use?” With the sheer number of good programming languages available, it was not an obvious choice. I wanted to teach the course with a general-purpose language, so that students could easily take advantage of the skills they gained in the course in fields outside of physics.
Recent research is giving us ways to define the behaviors of future artificial intelligence (AI) systems, before they are built, by mathematical equations. We can use these equations to describe various broad types of unintended and harmful AI behaviors, and to propose AI design techniques that avoid those behaviors. That is the subject of this book.
Every computer science curriculum in the world includes a course on data structures and algorithms. Data structures are that important; they improve our quality of life and even save lives on a regular basis. Many multi-million and several multi-billion dollar companies have been built around data structures.
Foundations of Computation is a free textbook for a one-semester course in theoretical computer science.
An introductory coverage of algorithms and data structures with application to graphics and geometry.
We describe a method for deepening a student’s understanding of basic physics by asking the student to express physical ideas in a functional programming language.
The C programming language has been around for a long time — the canonical reference for it is the book written by its creators, Kernighan and Ritchie [1978]. Since then, C has been used in an incredible number of applications. Programs and systems written in C are all around us: in personal computers, phones, cameras, set-top boxes, refrigerators, cars, mainframes, satellites, basically in any modern device that has a programmable interface.
The Computer Science handbook is a handbook designed to explain algorithms and data structures in a way that anyone can understand. Many websites (eg Wikipedia) contain lengthy and wordy explanations that are full of technical jargon. We have tried our hardest to simplify all language to make it easy to read without any math or computer science background.
Any change in a system that al lows it to perform better the second time o n repet ition of the same t ask or on anot her task drawn from the same population.
Revelations over the past couple of years highlight the importance of understanding malicious and surreptitious weakening of cryptographic systems.
The chapters of this book are as follows:
This book has been developed as a companion text to the University of the People course CS1104 Computer Systems. The University of the People is an accredited online university that offers programs in business administration and computer science. The university is unique in that it has no tuition, is tuition free, non-profit, and serves students from around the world.